This issue of The Journal of Energy and Development explores the economic, environmental, and geopolitical dimensions of today’s energy challenges, with a strong focus on sustainability, market risk, and policy uncertainty. The articles examine topics ranging from degrowth strategies in G20 economies and clean cooking transitions in West Africa to oil market volatility linked to the Russia–Ukraine war, inflationary impacts in developing countries, ecological pressures in South Asia, and operational optimization in oil and gas production.